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person1936–1954

Alan Turing

Disciplines:
mathematics
uk
computer science
photography/cryptography

Summary

British mathematician who invented theoretical computer science (the Turing machine, 1936), broke the German Enigma code at Bletchley Park during WWII, and proposed the Turing Test for machine intelligence (1950) — before being prosecuted for homosexuality and dying in 1954.

Core Contribution

Founded theoretical computer science and defined artificial intelligence — the Turing machine (a mathematical model of computation) proved what can and cannot be computed in principle, and his 'Computing Machinery and Intelligence' (1950) defined the AI research agenda for decades by asking 'Can machines think?' and proposing an empirical test.

Key Spikes & Highlights

  • The Turing Test (Turing's definition: rather than asking whether machines can think — which requires defining thought — propose an empirical test: if a machine can convince a human interrogator in text conversation that it is human, then for all practical purposes it is intelligent; this operationalized 'intelligence' and set the research agenda for AI for 70 years)

Notable Works & Achievements

On Computable Numbers

Computing Machinery and Intelligence

Historical Influences

Gödel Church Hilbert

Intellectual Lineage

London Cambridge Princeton Bletchley ParkManchester

Contemporaries & Peers

Alonzo Church John von Neumann Claude Shannon

Minds Influenced

Computer science entirelyAI research Lenny's Podcast

Intellectual Posterity

Turing machineTuring testTuring AwardTuring as computer scienceEnigma decryption

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