Soviet neuropsychologist who founded neuropsychology as a clinical discipline — developing the first systematic approach to diagnosing and rehabilitating cognitive deficits from brain lesions — and contributed foundational work on cross-cultural differences in cognitive categorization.
Developed the Lurian approach to neuropsychological assessment — mapping behavioral syndromes to specific brain regions through careful clinical analysis — and demonstrated that frontal lobe damage produces not sensory or motor deficits but disorders of executive planning and self-regulation.
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