Scottish-born American steel magnate — who built Carnegie Steel Company (sold to J.P. Morgan as U.S. Steel in 1901 for $480M) — then gave virtually all of it away, funding 2,509 public libraries, Carnegie Hall, Carnegie Mellon University, and the Carnegie Endowment.
Creates the template for American industrial philanthropy — Carnegie's 'Gospel of Wealth' argument (that the wealthy have an obligation to distribute their surplus for public benefit during their lifetimes, not leave it to heirs) remains the philosophical foundation of modern American philanthropy.
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