Portuguese-American neuroscientist who argued that emotions are not opposed to reason but are biologically necessary for rational decision-making — Descartes' Error was the separation of mind and body.
Descartes' Error: the somatic marker hypothesis — patients with prefrontal damage cannot make good decisions despite intact reasoning capacities because emotion is required to weight options. The Feeling of What Happens: consciousness as the feeling of a feeling. Self Comes to Mind: the autobiographical self as the highest level of consciousness.
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