Dutch-American philosopher of science who developed constructive empiricism — science aims at empirical adequacy, not truth about unobservable entities — challenging scientific realism.
Constructive empiricism: a theory is empirically adequate if what it says about observable things is true; scientists need not believe that unobservable entities (electrons, quarks) exist — belief is appropriate only for observable phenomena. The pragmatics of explanation: explanation is not a feature of theories but of theory use in contexts.
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