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person1940–1987

Carl R. Rogers

Disciplines:
psychology/humanistic psychology
psychotherapy/person-centered therapy
clinical psychology/counseling psychology

Summary

American psychologist and founder of person-centered therapy, who argued that unconditional positive regard, empathy, and congruence are the necessary and sufficient conditions for therapeutic change.

Core Contribution

Developed client-centered (later person-centered) therapy on the premise that humans possess an innate drive toward self-actualization and that the therapist's role is not to analyze or direct but to provide the relational conditions that allow this drive to operate freely.

Key Spikes & Highlights

  • Relationship as the Mechanism of Change (insisted that the therapeutic relationship itself — not technique, interpretation, or expertise — is the active ingredient of all effective therapy)
  • Self-Actualization as Default (posited that pathology is not what happens to people but what happens when growth is blocked — making the therapist's job removal of obstacles rather than provision of solutions)

Notable Works & Achievements

Counseling and Psychotherapy

Client-Centered Therapy

On Becoming a Person

A Way of Being

Historical Influences

William James John Dewey Otto Rank Abraham Maslow

Intellectual Lineage

Humanistic Psychology Phenomenology Existential Therapy Progressive Education Movement

Contemporaries & Peers

Abraham Maslow Rollo May Viktor Frankl George A. Kelly B. F. Skinner

Minds Influenced

Thomas GordonEugene GendlinDavid Rennie

Intellectual Posterity

Unconditional Positive RegardClient-Centered Therapy Person-Centered ApproachActive Listening

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