American shipping magnate and real estate investor who built one of the world's largest private fortunes — through a pioneering technique of using shipbuilding contracts as collateral to finance new ships — and who was the richest person in America in the 1970s before his Amazon jungle venture consumed most of his fortune.
Pioneered the ship financing innovation of using a long-term charter contract as collateral to build the ship — borrowing against future income rather than existing assets — creating a leverage model that let him build a fleet without owning capital upfront and which became the standard in shipping finance.
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