Nicolaus Copernicus's 1543 treatise proposing the heliocentric model of the solar system — placing the Sun rather than the Earth at the center — published in the year of his death and the foundational text of the Copernican Revolution.
Provided the first mathematically rigorous heliocentric model of planetary motion — displacing Earth from the cosmic center — triggering the chain of revisions by Kepler, Galileo, and Newton that constitutes the Scientific Revolution.
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