Dora Kalff

Swiss Jungian analyst who developed sandplay therapy — a non-verbal therapeutic method using a sand tray and miniature figures — integrating Jungian psychology with Margaret Lowenfeld's World Technique and Zen Buddhist insights into non-directed play.

Created sandplay therapy as a clinical modality — arguing that the sandplay process allows the psyche to express its own healing trajectory without verbal interpretation's interference — and that the three-dimensional image created in the sand tray externalizes unconscious contents in ways that bypass ego defenses.