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person1950-2014

E. J. Lowe

Disciplines:
philosophy of mind
metaphysics

Summary

British metaphysician who developed a four-category ontology — individual substances, kinds (universal substances), attributes (universal properties), and modes (individual properties) — and argued for the coherence of non-Cartesian substance dualism.

Core Contribution

Four-category ontology: the fundamental categories are individual substances, kinds, attributes, and modes — all four are irreducible and mutually dependent. Non-Cartesian substance dualism: the self is a substantial entity that is neither identical to the brain nor a Cartesian immaterial soul.

Key Spikes & Highlights

  • His four-category ontology provides a neo-Aristotelian alternative to both sparse nominalism and abundant Platonism — taking universals seriously while grounding them in individual substances.
  • Argued for non-Cartesian substance dualism at a time when dualism was almost universally dismissed — defended the coherence of the view that the self is a real entity distinct from the body without being a Cartesian ghost.

Notable Works & Achievements

Kinds of Being

The Possibility of Metaphysics

The Four-Category Ontology

More Kinds of Being

Historical Influences

Aristotle John Locke David Armstrong

Intellectual Lineage

Analytic Metaphysics Aristotelian Tradition

Contemporaries & Peers

Peter van Inwagen Kit Fine Jonathan Lowe

Minds Influenced

No recorded minds influenced.

Intellectual Posterity

Four-Category Ontology

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E. J. Lowe

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