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person1729–1797

Edmund Burke

Disciplines:
philosophy
politics
conservation/conservatism
britain/britain/ireland

Summary

Irish-British statesman and philosopher — Whig MP — author of Reflections on the Revolution in France (1790) — who created modern conservatism by arguing for the value of inherited institutions, tradition, and gradual reform over abstract reason.

Core Contribution

Creates modern conservatism — Burke's Reflections argument (that the French Revolution's abstract rationalism destroys the inherited wisdom embedded in traditional institutions, and that reform must be gradual and respect existing social bonds) is the foundational statement of conservative political philosophy.

Key Spikes & Highlights

  • Predicted the Terror — his Reflections (1790) predicted that the French Revolution would produce military despotism before the Terror had begun or Napoleon existed; the specificity of his prediction (a revolutionary leader will emerge to end the disorder with military force) was vindicated in exact detail
  • Was accused by his Whig colleagues of betraying the party by supporting the king against France — his break with Fox over the French Revolution ended a 20-year parliamentary friendship; the intellectual conviction that required him to oppose his own party over a matter of principle is the most consistent application of his philosophy to his own career

Notable Works & Achievements

A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful

Reflections on the Revolution in France

Letter to a Member of the National Assembly

Letters on a Regicide Peace

Historical Influences

Montesquieu Cicero Custom and convention

Intellectual Lineage

Dublin Trinity College Dublin London House of Commons

Contemporaries & Peers

Thomas Paine Mary Wollstonecraft Adam Smith Charles James Fox

Minds Influenced

Modern conservatism Hayek

Intellectual Posterity

Reflections on the Revolution in France Modern conservatism BurkeanSublime

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