Electrons and Holes in Semiconductors

William Shockley's textbook on semiconductor physics — the foundational text for understanding the physics underlying transistors and modern electronics.

The definitive theoretical account of semiconductor physics for the transistor age: hole conduction, p-n junctions, minority carrier injection — the physical mechanisms underlying the transistor Shockley co-invented. Essential reading for every electrical engineer of the 1950s and 1960s. Established the theoretical framework that enabled the semiconductor industry.