Baruch Spinoza's masterwork written in geometric form — definitions, axioms, propositions, proofs — deriving metaphysics, philosophy of mind, theory of the emotions, and ethics from first principles about substance.
Demonstrates that God is the only substance with infinite attributes; human minds and bodies are finite modes of thought and extension; freedom is not free will but acting from one's own nature; the intellectual love of God is the highest human good.
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No recorded contemporaries.
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