French historian who revolutionized historical writing by shifting focus from events and great men to long-term structures — geography, climate, economic cycles — developing the concept of la longue durée.
The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II: the paradigmatic work of Annales history — three temporal scales (geographical, social-economic, events) operating simultaneously. La longue durée: historical structures that change over centuries, not years. Capitalism and Material Life: a three-volume history of capitalism as a material and structural phenomenon.
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