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person1960s-2013

Fred Dretske

Disciplines:
epistemology
philosophy of mind

Summary

American philosopher who developed an information-theoretic account of knowledge and a naturalistic account of mental content — mental states have the content they have because of their informational relations to the world.

Core Contribution

Knowledge and the Flow of Information: knowledge is information-caused belief — S knows that P if S's belief that P is caused by the information that P. Naturalizing intentionality: mental representation is grounded in informational covariance — beliefs mean what they are nomically connected to. Relevant alternatives theory of knowledge.

Key Spikes & Highlights

  • The relevant alternatives theory of knowledge: you know that P only if you can rule out the relevant alternatives to P — what counts as relevant depends on the conversational and practical context.
  • His closure skepticism: you can know that P without knowing all its logical consequences — in particular, knowing there is a table does not require knowing you are not a brain in a vat.

Notable Works & Achievements

Seeing and Knowing

Knowledge and the Flow of Information

Explaining Behavior

Naturalizing the Mind

Historical Influences

David Armstrong Alvin Goldman

Intellectual Lineage

Analytic Epistemology Naturalism

Contemporaries & Peers

Alvin Goldman Robert Nozick

Minds Influenced

Ruth MillikanTeleosemantics

Intellectual Posterity

Information-Theoretic EpistemologyTeleological Semantics

Discussing

Fred Dretske

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