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person1775-1854

Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling

Disciplines:
aesthetics
metaphysics
philosophy of nature

Summary

German Idealist philosopher who developed Naturphilosophie (nature as objective spirit), the identity philosophy (subject and object are identical in the Absolute), and late in life a philosophy of mythology and revelation.

Core Contribution

Philosophy of Nature: nature is not dead mechanism but productive unconscious spirit (natura naturans); the organic and the mechanical are different stages of the same absolute activity. Identity Philosophy: the Absolute is the identity of subject and object — criticized by Hegel as the night in which all cows are black. Ages of the World and late philosophy: the Absolute has a history; positive philosophy (based on experience of the given) must follow negative philosophy (based on pure reason).

Key Spikes & Highlights

  • Was the most celebrated philosopher in Germany in 1800 — and then was eclipsed by Hegel, who had been his collaborator and roommate at Tübingen; Schelling outlived Hegel by 24 years and spent much of that time criticizing him.
  • His late positive philosophy was given in Berlin lectures attended by Kierkegaard, Bakunin, and Engels — who all found it disappointing; it is now considered an important anticipation of existentialism and process theology.
  • Was briefly romantically linked to Caroline Schlegel, who divorced A. W. Schlegel to marry him — the center of the Romantic circle at Jena.

Notable Works & Achievements

System of Transcendental Idealism

Ideas for a Philosophy of Nature

Philosophy and Religion

Ages of the World

Philosophy of Mythology

Historical Influences

Immanuel Kant Johann Gottlieb Fichte Baruch Spinoza Jacob Böhme

Intellectual Lineage

German Idealism Kant's Critical PhilosophySpinoza

Contemporaries & Peers

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel Friedrich Schleiermacher Friedrich Hölderlin

Minds Influenced

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel Søren Kierkegaard Arthur Schopenhauer Heidegger

Intellectual Posterity

Philosophy of Nature Positive PhilosophyTheology of Revelation

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