Fritz Lang was an Austrian-German filmmaker whose Weimar-era films — 'Metropolis', 'M', the Mabuse series — established the visual language of urban dystopia, criminal conspiracy, and Expressionist film noir.
Lang invented the criminal mastermind archetype (Mabuse), the city-as-machine (Metropolis), and the subjective-guilt thriller (M) — three foundational templates that flow directly through Nolan's Gotham and spy films.
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