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person1960s-present

George Lakoff

Disciplines:
political philosophy
cognitive science
language/linguistics

Summary

American linguist who developed cognitive linguistics — the view that language reflects embodied conceptual structures — and the theory of conceptual metaphor, which argues that abstract thought is grounded in bodily experience.

Core Contribution

Conceptual metaphor theory: abstract concepts (time, argument, emotion) are systematically understood in terms of concrete bodily experiences — Argument Is War; Time Is Money; Life Is a Journey. Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things: challenged classical category theory with prototype and basic-level categories. Where Mathematics Comes From: mathematical concepts are grounded in embodied experience.

Key Spikes & Highlights

  • The title concept of Don't Think of an Elephant! — that telling people not to think of something activates the concept — became a staple of political communication theory.
  • His thesis that mathematics is embodied and has its roots in sensorimotor experience is philosophically radical — it challenges both platonism and formalism by grounding mathematical truth in human cognition.

Notable Works & Achievements

Metaphors We Live By

Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things

Philosophy in the Flesh

Don't Think of an Elephant!

Historical Influences

Noam Chomsky Gestalt Psychology

Intellectual Lineage

Generative Linguistics Cognitive Science

Contemporaries & Peers

Mark Johnson Noam Chomsky

Minds Influenced

Cognitive Linguistics Political Communication Research

Intellectual Posterity

Cognitive Linguistics Conceptual Metaphor TheoryEmbodied Cognition

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