Spanish-American philosopher who developed a naturalistic philosophy combining a robust aesthetic sensibility with skepticism about knowledge — arguing that knowledge rests on 'animal faith' rather than certain foundations.
Animal faith: knowledge of the external world cannot be proven but is a natural animal attitude — it is not philosophical error but vital necessity. The Life of Reason: the history of human reason as the progressive spiritualization of material life. Critical aestheticism: ideals and spirit emerge from nature but transcend it.
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