Wei-Jin dynasty philosopher who edited the Zhuangzi to its current form and developed a Neo-Daoist (xuanxue) interpretation arguing that things spontaneously self-create (zihua) without being caused by anything else.
Zhuangzi commentary: things are not created by the Dao (as a cause) but self-transform; there is no first cause. Each thing acts according to its own nature (zifen) — the sage governs by letting each thing follow its nature. This served as justification for Confucian social roles from a Daoist perspective.
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