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person1970s-present

Ian Hacking

Disciplines:
history of science
philosophy of science
philosophy/philosophy of language

Summary

Canadian philosopher who has contributed to scientific realism, the philosophy of probability, the analysis of social construction, and the philosophy of mathematics.

Core Contribution

Entity realism: we should believe in entities we can manipulate to produce effects in other experiments, even if we don't believe in all the theories about them. Representing and Intervening: a systematic account of scientific realism. The Social Construction of What?: a philosophical analysis of social construction — distinguishing what is genuinely constructed from what is merely described. Looping effects: human kinds are interactive — classifying people changes who they are.

Key Spikes & Highlights

  • Entity realism uses manipulability as the criterion for existence: we believe in electrons not because our theories about them are true, but because we spray them to neutralize oil drops in Millikan's experiment — they are real because we use them as tools.
  • Looping effects: kinds like 'multiple personality disorder' are not natural kinds — classifying people as having it changes how they behave and how they think of themselves. Human kinds are unlike natural kinds in this interactivity.

Notable Works & Achievements

Representing and Intervening

The Emergence of Probability

The Social Construction of What?

An Introduction to Probability and Inductive Logic

Historical Influences

Thomas Kuhn Hilary Putnam

Intellectual Lineage

Analytic Philosophy of Science

Contemporaries & Peers

Bas van Fraassen Nancy Cartwright

Minds Influenced

Philosophy of Science Social Science

Intellectual Posterity

Entity RealismLooping EffectsSocial Construction

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