James Hillman

American post-Jungian psychologist who founded archetypal psychology — arguing for a 'polytheistic' psychology that honors the multiplicity of psychic reality, that symptoms are the soul's way of speaking, and that psychology must move from the ego to the soul ('anima mundi') — and whose Re-Visioning Psychology was nominated for the Pulitzer Prize.

Challenged analytical psychology's developmental ego-psychology to return to soul — Hillman argued that depth psychology should be concerned not with healing the ego but with deepening soul, that symptoms and pathologies are meaningful rather than merely dysfunctional, and that imagination is the primary mode of psychic life.