American philosopher who became famous for the violinist thought experiment defending abortion rights and for developing the trolley problem into the central test case for deontological ethics.
A Defense of Abortion (1971): even if the fetus is a person, abortion can be permissible — using the violinist analogy (you wake up connected to a famous violinist; you may disconnect even though he will die). The Trolley Problem (1985): systematized and extended Foot's thought experiment — the loop case, the fat man — to tease out the principles underlying our moral intuitions.
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