German psychoanalyst who founded the Berlin Psychoanalytic Society and made key contributions to the theory of character — extending Freud's psychosexual theory to the anal and oral character types — and who analyzed Melanie Klein, Karen Horney, and Helene Deutsch.
Developed the most detailed psychoanalytic theory of character based on libidinal fixation points — the oral, anal, and genital character types became standard clinical concepts — and the Berlin Training Institute under his influence developed the didactic analysis (training analysis) as the core of psychoanalytic education.
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