Leviathan and its Enemies

Samuel Francis's posthumously published (2016) major theoretical work extending Burnham's managerial revolution thesis — arguing that American democracy is being displaced by a permanent managerial elite that uses cultural liberalism as its ideological weapon and Middle American workers as its principal opposition.

Extends Burnham's managerial revolution to include cultural ideology — Francis argues that the new managerial ruling class legitimizes itself not through ownership or force but through credentialed expertise and liberal cultural ideology, which serves to delegitimize the traditional culture and values of the non-managerial majority.