Louis Althusser (1918–1990) was a French Marxist philosopher who developed structural Marxism, rethinking Marx's theory of ideology through his concepts of Ideological State Apparatuses (ISAs) and Repressive State Apparatuses (RSAs), and interpellation.
Introduced ISAs/RSAs as the mechanism by which capitalist ideology reproduces itself through institutions like schools, churches, and media; the concept of interpellation became foundational to cultural studies.
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