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personc. 1170–1204

Maimonides

Disciplines:
theology
philosophy/jewish philosophy

Summary

Maimonides (Moses ben Maimon) was a 12th-century Sephardic rabbi, philosopher, and physician who synthesized Aristotelian philosophy with Jewish law and theology.

Core Contribution

In the Guide for the Perplexed, Maimonides argued that apparent conflicts between Aristotelian philosophy and Scripture arise from misreading; God's attributes can only be spoken negatively (via negativa), and the intellectually perfected person's ultimate goal is knowledge of God through philosophical contemplation.

Key Spikes & Highlights

  • Negative theology (we can only say what God is not; no positive predicate applies literally to the divine)
  • Thirteen principles of faith (the foundational dogmas of Judaism — the closest thing to a Jewish creed)
  • Mishneh Torah system (codified the entire Oral Torah into a single rational system accessible without Talmudic debate)
  • Parable of the palace (only philosophers reach the inner sanctum of the divine; the multitude remain in the courtyard)

Notable Works & Achievements

Commentary on the Mishnah

Mishneh Torah

Guide for the Perplexed

Historical Influences

Aristotle Al-Farabi Avicenna

Intellectual Lineage

Aristotelian philosophy Islamic Aristotelian traditionTalmudic jurisprudence

Contemporaries & Peers

Averroes Saladin

Minds Influenced

Thomas Aquinas Baruch Spinoza Hermann Cohen

Intellectual Posterity

Negative theologyJewish AristotelianismRationalist halakhic codification

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