Persian Sufi mystic who was executed by the Abbasid caliphate for uttering 'Ana al-Haqq' ('I am the Truth/God') — refusing to recant — and whose death became the defining martyrdom of Islamic mysticism, generating centuries of commentary on the relationship between divine union and orthodox doctrine.
Represents the absolute limit of mystical union — Al-Hallaj's claim to be God was not megalomania but the logical conclusion of fana (divine annihilation) — and his acceptance of execution ('Do not curse my murderers — they are more pious than I am because they are defending the divine transcendence') made him the supreme Sufi martyr.
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