French philosopher — whose Phenomenology of Perception (1945) is the founding text of embodied phenomenology — who argued that consciousness is always already embodied and that the body is not an object but the subject's mode of being in the world.
Creates embodied phenomenology — Merleau-Ponty's argument (that perception is primarily bodily and pre-reflective rather than mental and cognitive) is the founding document of embodied cognition and 4E cognition research in cognitive science.
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