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person1980s-present

Michael Bratman

Disciplines:
ethics
philosophy of action

Summary

American philosopher who developed the planning theory of intention — intentions as future-directed plans that coordinate action over time — and has worked on shared intention and agency.

Core Contribution

Intention, Plans, and Practical Reason: intentions are not merely strong desires but plan-states that organize future activity, constrain deliberation, and coordinate with other agents. Shared Cooperative Activity: shared intention is irreducible to individual intentions — it involves mutual responsiveness and support. Structures of Agency: essays on intention, agency, and the self.

Key Spikes & Highlights

  • The planning theory solves a problem with desire-based accounts of action: intentions are not reducible to desires because they have distinctive functional roles — they persist over time, resist reconsideration, and organize other mental states.
  • Shared intention: two painters sharing the intention to paint a house together have a shared cooperative activity irreducible to each individually intending to paint it — the mutual meshing and responsiveness is the shared element.

Notable Works & Achievements

Intention, Plans, and Practical Reason

Faces of Intention

Structures of Agency

Planning, Time, and Self-Governance

Historical Influences

Donald Davidson Gilbert Harman

Intellectual Lineage

Analytic Philosophy of Action

Contemporaries & Peers

Harry Frankfurt Donald Davidson

Minds Influenced

Social Philosophy Decision Theory

Intellectual Posterity

Planning TheoryShared Agency

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