Michael Walzer

American political philosopher who developed the communitarian critique of Rawlsian liberalism and wrote the most influential 20th-century work on just war theory.

Just and Unjust Wars: the dominant modern framework for the ethics of war — jus ad bellum, jus in bello, non-combatant immunity, double effect. Spheres of Justice: justice requires that different goods (money, power, care, education) be distributed by different principles — dominance of one sphere over others is tyranny. Interpretation and Social Criticism: moral criticism is immanent, not transcendent.