Moses

Hebrew prophet and lawgiver — the central figure of the Hebrew Bible — who led the Israelites out of Egypt, received the Torah at Sinai, and is considered by Jewish, Christian, and Islamic traditions to be the greatest prophet who ever lived.

Established the foundational framework of ethical monotheism — the covenant between God and Israel, the Ten Commandments as the foundation of law, and the idea that God makes moral demands on human behavior — which became the bedrock of Western civilization's moral framework.