Chinese philosopher who founded Mohism — opposing Confucianism — with the doctrine of jian ai (universal, impartial love), consequentialist ethics, and active opposition to aggressive warfare.
Jian ai: one should love others as oneself, without the gradations of Confucian filial piety — partial love causes conflict. Consequences determine the right action — an early utilitarian. Organized his followers into a disciplined defensive militia that traveled to protect states under attack.
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