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person1911-1990

Norman Malcolm

Disciplines:
epistemology
philosophy of mind
theology/philosophy of religion

Summary

American philosopher and Wittgenstein's closest American disciple who contributed to epistemology, philosophy of mind, and philosophy of religion — defending a version of the ontological argument and critiquing the possibility of a private language.

Core Contribution

Dream skepticism: we cannot verify during sleep that we are dreaming; ordinary language use of 'I was dreaming' does not presuppose that we know during sleep that we are dreaming. Ontological argument: defended a version of the argument in which God's existence, if possible, is necessary. Personal memoir of Wittgenstein.

Key Spikes & Highlights

  • Wrote the most intimate philosophical memoir of Wittgenstein — describing his personality, his conversations, and the experience of philosophy as an activity — rather than a scholarly study.

Notable Works & Achievements

Dreaming

Ludwig Wittgenstein: A Memoir

Knowledge and Certainty

Nothing is Hidden

Historical Influences

Ludwig Wittgenstein G. E. Moore

Intellectual Lineage

Wittgensteinian Philosophy Analytic Philosophy

Contemporaries & Peers

Ludwig Wittgenstein G. E. Moore

Minds Influenced

No recorded minds influenced.

Intellectual Posterity

No conceptual posterity found.

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Norman Malcolm

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