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compositionc. 429 BCE

Oedipus the King

Summary

Sophocles' masterpiece in which Oedipus, King of Thebes, investigates the plague afflicting his city and -- through relentless, ironic inquiry -- discovers that he himself is the cause: he has unknowingly killed his father Laius and married his mother Jocasta. The tragedy enacts the terror of self-knowledge. Aristotle considered it the perfect tragedy.

Core Contribution

Established the paradigm of dramatic irony and peripeteia (reversal of fortune) in Western drama. Dramatized the relationship between fate, knowledge, and agency in a way that no subsequent work has surpassed. Generated Freud's 'Oedipus complex' and provided Levi-Strauss's most famous structural analysis. Remains Aristotle's canonical example of tragic excellence.

Key Spikes & Highlights

  • Oedipus
  • tragic irony
  • fate
  • knowledge
  • Freud
  • Oedipus complex
  • Aristotle
  • Greek tragedy
  • peripeteia

Historical Influences

Aeschylus Homeric Theban myths Greek choral tradition Athenian civic tragedy

Intellectual Lineage

Aeschylus Greek myth Homeric Theban traditions

Allied Works

Oedipus at Colonus Antigone Theban Plays Aristotle's Poetics The Interpretation of Dreams

Contemporaries & Peers

Antigone Oedipus at Colonus Medea

Minds Influenced

Aristotle Seneca Freud Levi-Straussmodern drama literary theory

Intellectual Posterity

Aristotle's Poetics Freudian psychoanalysis Western literary theorystructuralist mythology

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Oedipus the King

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