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person1916-1999

Roderick Chisholm

Disciplines:
epistemology
metaphysics
philosophy of action

Summary

American philosopher who developed one of the most systematic internalist epistemologies and defended agent causation — the view that persons are irreducible causes distinct from event causation — in the theory of free will.

Core Contribution

Epistemic internalism: justification depends entirely on states internal to the subject; the given in experience provides foundations. Agent causation: free action requires a special kind of causation where the agent (not merely events in the agent) is the cause of the action — a new category of causation irreducible to event causation.

Key Spikes & Highlights

  • The Chisholm paradox in deontic logic: any act of commission can be reframed as an omission and vice versa — creating contradictions in standard systems of obligation logic.
  • Defended the utterly unfashionable position of agent causation against overwhelming professional opinion that only event causation is coherent — his careful defense made the position respectable again.

Notable Works & Achievements

Perceiving: A Philosophical Study

Theory of Knowledge

Person and Object

The First Person

Historical Influences

Franz Brentano G. E. Moore C. I. Lewis

Intellectual Lineage

American Realism Analytic Philosophy

Contemporaries & Peers

W. V. O. Quine Wilfrid Sellars Alvin Plantinga

Minds Influenced

Peter van Inwagen Timothy O'Connor

Intellectual Posterity

Internalist EpistemologyAgent Causation

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