Penrose's follow-up to The Emperor's New Mind — responding to critics and developing the Orch-OR (Orchestrated Objective Reduction) theory of quantum consciousness with anesthesiologist Stuart Hameroff.
Orch-OR developed: quantum superpositions in neuronal microtubules undergo objective reduction — a quantum process not subject to classical computation — producing moments of conscious experience. Response to critics of the Gödel argument. The physical basis of consciousness in quantum gravity. Remains the most rigorous scientific/philosophical proposal for quantum consciousness.
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