Spheres of Justice

Walzer's Spheres of Justice (1983) develops a pluralist theory of justice in which each social good has its own distributive principle based on its shared social meaning.

Walzer argues that no single principle of justice — equality, merit, free exchange — can govern all goods; money, care, education, and political power each belong to a separate sphere with its own norms, and tyranny occurs when one sphere's currency dominates another.