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person1980s-present

Stephen Darwall

Disciplines:
ethics
ethics/metaethics

Summary

American philosopher who has developed the second-person standpoint as the foundation of morality — moral obligations are fundamentally addressed from one person to another.

Core Contribution

The Second-Person Standpoint: morality is grounded in the second-person standpoint — the standpoint of address, of holding others accountable. Moral obligations are claims that one person makes on another, not facts about maximizing value. Welfare and Rational Care: welfare is what we would want for someone we genuinely care for.

Key Spikes & Highlights

  • The second-person standpoint: when you tell someone 'You ought not do that' you are not reporting a fact about value but exercising the normative authority to hold them accountable. This grounds Kantian ethics in the interpersonal structure of moral address.

Notable Works & Achievements

Impartial Reason

Welfare and Rational Care

The Second-Person Standpoint

Historical Influences

Kant P.F. Strawson

Intellectual Lineage

Analytic Ethics

Contemporaries & Peers

T.M. Scanlon Gary Watson

Minds Influenced

No recorded minds influenced.

Intellectual Posterity

Second-Person Standpoint

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