American philosopher and historian of science who revolutionized the philosophy of science with The Structure of Scientific Revolutions — introducing the concepts of paradigm, normal science, and scientific revolution.
The Structure of Scientific Revolutions: science does not progress by accumulation but through revolutions — periods of normal science (puzzle-solving within a paradigm) are interrupted by crises that lead to paradigm shifts. Paradigm incommensurability: different paradigms are not straightforwardly comparable — scientists in different paradigms live in different worlds. The Copernican Revolution: historical study demonstrating the structure.
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