Treatise of Human Nature

David Hume's 1739–40 attempt to develop a 'science of man' — applying Newtonian empirical method to human psychology — arguing that there is no self (only bundles of perceptions), that causation is habit not logical necessity, and that reason is the slave of the passions.

Destroyed the rationalist project — by showing that causation cannot be demonstrated by reason alone (only by custom and habit) and that the self is not a unified substance but a bundle of perceptions — Hume showed that reason cannot ground morality, metaphysics, or the external world, awakening Kant from his 'dogmatic slumber'.