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person1908-2000

W. V. O. Quine

Disciplines:
logic
epistemology
philosophy/philosophy of language
theology/ontology

Summary

American philosopher who dismantled the analytic-synthetic distinction and meaning-theoretic foundationalism in Two Dogmas of Empiricism, developed naturalistic epistemology, and argued for an inscrutability of reference.

Core Contribution

Two Dogmas: the analytic-synthetic distinction and the reductionist dogma (each sentence has its own empirical content) are both untenable. Our beliefs face experience as a corporate body — the web of belief. Ontological relativity: there is no determinate fact about what our terms refer to apart from a background theory.

Key Spikes & Highlights

  • Argued that the unit of empirical significance is not the single sentence but the entire web of belief — meaning no individual claim is immune from revision, including logic itself.
  • Inscrutability of reference: there is no fact about whether 'rabbit' refers to whole rabbits, undetached rabbit parts, or rabbithood — reference is relative to a background theory.
  • Was committed to desert landscape ontology: only posit entities that are indispensably required by scientific theory — sets and physical objects yes, meanings and propositions no.

Notable Works & Achievements

Two Dogmas of Empiricism

Word and Object

Ontological Relativity and Other Essays

From a Logical Point of View

Pursuit of Truth

Historical Influences

Rudolf Carnap Bertrand Russell Alfred North Whitehead

Intellectual Lineage

American Pragmatism Logical Positivism Behavioral Psychology

Contemporaries & Peers

Rudolf Carnap Nelson Goodman Donald Davidson

Minds Influenced

Donald Davidson David Lewis Hilary Putnam Daniel Dennett

Intellectual Posterity

Web of BeliefNaturalized Epistemology Ontological Relativity Inscrutability of Reference

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W. V. O. Quine

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