Lenin's pamphlet on revolutionary organization — arguing for a disciplined party of professional revolutionaries rather than a broad, spontaneous mass movement.
The vanguard party: workers cannot spontaneously develop revolutionary consciousness — they develop trade union consciousness. A small party of professional revolutionaries must bring socialist consciousness to the working class from outside. Democratic centralism: tight internal discipline combined with democratic deliberation within the party. The most consequential piece of Marxist organizational theory.
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