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person1940s-1989

Wilfrid Sellars

Disciplines:
epistemology
philosophy of mind
philosophy/philosophy of language
metaphysics

Summary

American philosopher who made seminal contributions to the critique of the given, the nature of semantic concepts, and the relationship between the scientific and manifest images of the world — widely regarded as one of the most important American philosophers of the 20th century.

Core Contribution

The Myth of the Given: there is no epistemically privileged class of immediately justified beliefs — even perceptual beliefs require conceptual mediation. The space of reasons: normative relations between concepts cannot be reduced to causal relations — the logical space of reasons is autonomous. Manifest/scientific image: the scientific image of colorless physical particles is not more real than the manifest image of colored objects — the task of philosophy is to reconcile them.

Key Spikes & Highlights

  • The Myth of the Given is the deepest critique of foundationalism: even the most basic perceptual reports ('this is red') involve the application of concepts that require justification — there is no protocol language of bare sensory data.
  • The space of reasons: 'in the logical space of reasons, of justifying and being able to justify what one says' is not a causal space — reasons are normative, not natural. This is the source of John McDowell's Mind and World.
  • Robert Brandom has described Sellars as the greatest American philosopher since C.S. Peirce — his influence on contemporary epistemology and philosophy of language has been immense, especially through Brandom and McDowell.

Notable Works & Achievements

Empiricism and the Philosophy of Mind

Science, Perception and Reality

Science and Metaphysics

Historical Influences

Kant Rudolf Carnap Ludwig Wittgenstein

Intellectual Lineage

American Analytic Philosophy

Contemporaries & Peers

Roderick Chisholm W.V.O. Quine

Minds Influenced

John McDowell Robert Brandom Paul Churchland

Intellectual Posterity

Myth of the GivenSpace of ReasonsEpistemology

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