Zeno of Elea

Ancient Greek philosopher — student of Parmenides — who created the paradoxes of motion (Achilles and the tortoise, the arrow, the dichotomy) that challenged intuitive understanding of space, time, and infinity — whose paradoxes remain unresolved in some formulations.

Creates the paradoxes of motion — Zeno's paradoxes (that Achilles can never catch the tortoise if the tortoise has a head start, since Achilles must always cover half the remaining distance) were designed to support Parmenides's claim that motion is impossible; their resolution required the development of the mathematical theory of infinite series and limits (calculus).