8 thinkers, books, and ideas connected to this field.
English explorer and navigator — who made three voyages of discovery to the Pacific, mapping New Zealand, eastern Australia, Hawaii, and the Antarctic, and was the first European to make contact with the Hawaiian islands — killed in Hawaii in 1779.
Anglo-Irish polar explorer — famous for the failed but heroic Endurance expedition (1914–16), where his ship was crushed in Antarctic ice and he led all 28 crew members to survival across 800 miles of open ocean in a lifeboat.
Paul Rosolie's conservation book and initiative focused on Amazon rainforest protection — continuing the themes of his Mother of God memoir with a deeper focus on the mechanics and urgency of conservation work.
Swedish industrialist and brother of Alfred and Ludvig Nobel — who traveled to Baku to purchase walnut wood for rifle stocks and inadvertently discovered the oil fields that would become the foundation of the Nobel oil empire.
Anglo-Dutch multinational oil company formed by the 1907 merger of Royal Dutch Petroleum and Shell Transport — which became Standard Oil's primary global competitor — and is now one of the world's largest companies by revenue.
Meriwether Lewis and William Clark, leaders of the Corps of Discovery (1804-1806) — Jefferson's expedition to map and document the territory acquired in the Louisiana Purchase.
A legendary Viking chieftain and Norse king, Björn Ironside is remembered as a formidable raider and explorer who led expeditions across the Mediterranean, embodying the expansive and often brutal spirit of the Viking Age.
Alexander von Humboldt was a Prussian polymath who pioneered the interdisciplinary study of nature, transforming how Europeans understood the interconnectedness of life and physical geography through extensive scientific expeditions.