7 thinkers, books, and ideas connected to this field.
King of the Franks and first Holy Roman Emperor (800 AD) — who unified most of Western Europe through conquest and Christian conversion, standardized weights and measures and coinage, promoted literacy and learning (Carolingian Renaissance), and whose kingdom became the predecessor to both France and Germany.
American economic historian — Harvard — author of The Wealth and Poverty of Nations — who argued that culture (specifically the Protestant work ethic and technological curiosity) rather than geography explains economic development differences.
British political commentator and associate editor of The Spectator — author of The Strange Death of Europe, The Madness of Crowds, and The War on the West — the most widely read conservative critic of mass immigration to Europe and identity politics.
Peter Heather's 2009 study of the great migrations that transformed Europe from 375 to 900 AD — arguing that the movement of peoples (Huns, Goths, Vandals, Franks, Anglo-Saxons, Slavs) was not random chaos but organized processes of state formation.
Slovenian AI and robotics researcher — who works on embodied intelligence and robotics — referenced in discussions of AI and robotic systems.
The most powerful banking dynasty in European history — founded by Mayer Amschel Rothschild in Frankfurt's Jewish ghetto — who established banking houses in Frankfurt, London, Paris, Vienna, and Naples — financing European wars, governments, and the British Empire.
Volume VII of Will and Ariel Durant's The Story of Civilization — covering Europe from 1558 to 1648, including the reign of Elizabeth I, the careers of Bacon, Shakespeare, and Cervantes, the Thirty Years War, and Descartes.