3 thinkers, books, and ideas connected to this field.
Somali-Dutch-American activist and author — former Dutch MP — who escaped a forced marriage, collaborated with Theo van Gogh (assassinated 2004 for Submission), was placed under permanent death threat, and has written extensively on Islam and women's rights — converted from Islam to atheism, then to Christianity in 2023.
Dutch philosopher — excommunicated from Amsterdam's Jewish community at 23 — author of the Ethics (written in geometric form) — who identified God with Nature (deus sive natura) and argued for determinism, the unity of substance, and the rational basis of freedom.
Dutch humanist and theologian who wrote Praise of Folly, edited the Greek New Testament, and corresponded with virtually every major intellectual in Europe — who satirized Church corruption but refused to join Luther, becoming the model of the irenic, cosmopolitan intellectual who belongs to no party.