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pessimism

2 thinkers, books, and ideas connected to this field.

Thinker

Arthur Schopenhauer

German philosopher (1788-1860), best known for The World as Will and Representation. Argued that the ultimate reality underlying all appearances is a blind, striving Will; that consciousness entails suffering; and that art — especially music — and ascetic renunciation offer partial liberation from the Will's tyranny.

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Book

Essays and Aphorisms

A selection of Schopenhauer's most accessible philosophical writing — drawn from Parerga and Paralipomena — including his pessimistic philosophy, practical wisdom, and aphorisms — the most widely read Schopenhauer collection.

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