English mathematician and physicist — who invented calculus (simultaneously with Leibniz), formulated the laws of motion and universal gravitation, demonstrated that white light is composed of a spectrum, and built the first practical reflecting telescope — Warden/Master of the Royal Mint in his later career.
Creates the mathematical framework for understanding physical reality — Newton's Principia Mathematica unified terrestrial and celestial mechanics under a single mathematical law (universal gravitation), establishing that the same equations govern an apple falling and the Moon's orbit; this is the most intellectually powerful unification in the history of science.
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